Nutritional Needs of a Horse in Winter
When the temperature drops, horses expend more energy to maintain their body temperature. This means that their nutritional needs may increase during the winter, especially if they are outdoors.
- Fiber-rich roughage: The basis of the winter diet
The majority of a horse’s diet should consist of roughage, such as hay. High-fibre food is essential, as it is fermented in the colon, which gives off heat and helps to keep the horse warm. Research shows that horses need more hay in cold conditions to meet their energy needs. A study by Coenen (2005) emphasizes that horses can increase their energy requirements by 20% when the temperature drops below -10°C.
Source: Coenen, M. (2005). “Nutrition and feeding of sport horses during cold weather.” Proceedings of the Annual Nutrition Conference.
- Increased energy requirements
In winter, horses that are not moving often need a limited amount of supplementary feed . However, if a horse lives outdoors and/or does heavy work, the amount of energy in the diet must be adjusted. Especially horses that have trouble maintaining their weight can benefit from healthy energy-rich additives such as Coolstance Copra, extra fats or oil.
Scientific insight: Research by Kronfeld et al. (2004) showed that oil is an excellent source of calories without the risk of digestive disorders that can occur with an excessive amount of traditional concentrates. This research highlights the importance of low-sugar energy sources, such as fats, especially in horses with sensitive digestive systems.
Source: Kronfeld, D. S., Treiber, K. H., Geor, R. J. (2004). “Comparison of fat sources in equine diets: Implications for energy balance and insulin sensitivity.” Equine Veterinary Journal, 36(S36), 17-21.
- Access to fresh water
It is important that horses always have access to fresh water. In winter, water can freeze easily, which causes horses to drink less and increases the risk of colic due to dehydration. Offering lukewarm water can encourage horses to drink more. Research shows that horses prefer water that is not too cold. Kristula et al. (1994) found that horses consume more water when the water is heated to a temperature of around 15°C.
Source: Kristula, M. A., McDonnell, S. M., & Erb, H. N. (1994). “Drinking water temperature affects consumption of water during cold weather in ponies.” Journal of Animal Science, 72(1), 230-234.
Caring for a horse in winter
In addition to adjusting their diet, caring for a horse during the winter is critical to ensure their well-being. The caregiver needs a warm waterproof jacket, warm work gloves, extra protection against the cold and lighting.
- Blankets: When needed?
Not all horses need a blanket in the winter, as they naturally develop a winter coat that protects them well from the cold. However, older horses, horses that are sick, or horses with thin coats may benefit from a blanket. Horses that are sheared for work also need blankets to retain heat. It is important to make sure that the blanket fits well and does not chafe.
- Exercise and grazing
Even in winter, it is essential that horses get enough exercise. Outdoor grazing can be limited during cold months due to frozen ground or muddy conditions, but it’s important to find alternatives, such as a track system with multiple hay patches, to avoid stiffness and boredom. Exercise also stimulates digestion and helps the horse stay warm.
Scientific insight: According to a study by Ralston et al. (1997), restricted exercise combined with a high-fiber diet can help prevent colic, a common problem in horses that are less active in winter.
Source: Ralston, S. L., Foster, D. L., Divers, T. J. (1997). “The role of feeding practices in the development of colic in horses.” Equine Veterinary Journal, 29(4), 306-309.
- Preventing freezing of water sources
A common problem in winter is that water in drinking troughs freezes, preventing horses from accessing water. Heated drinking bowls or water buckets can help to solve this problem. A lack of water can lead not only to dehydration but also to colic, as horses drink less when the water is cold or frozen.
Additional Tips for Winter Care
- Foot Inspection: Wet, muddy, or frozen ground can cause horses to suffer from hoof problems, such as thrush. Regular hoof care is essential in winter to prevent infections.
- Coat check: While horses can develop a thick winter coat, it’s important to check regularly for blanket chafing or skin problems, such as mold or lice, which are more common in a humid environment.
Conclusion
Winter calls for adjustments in the way horses are fed and cared for. A high-fibre diet, plenty of fresh water and regular exercise are the basis of healthy winter management for horses. Scientific studies show that adapting diet and care to the specific conditions of winter, such as colder temperatures and free movement, can contribute to the well-being of horses during the colder months. By paying close attention to nutrition, water intake and daily care , the winter can be comfortable and healthy for your horse.